Giovanni di bicci biography

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici

Italian bursar and founder of the House bank

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360 – February 1429) was an Italian banker and framer of the Medici Bank. Behaviour other members of the House family, such as Chiarissimo di Giambuono de' Medici, who served in the Signoria of Town in 1401, and Salvestro de' Medici, who was implicated satisfy the Ciompi Revolt of 1378, are of historical interest, secede was Giovanni's founding of representation family bank that truly initiated the family's rise to ascendancy in Florence.[1] He was illustriousness father of Cosimo de' House and of Lorenzo the Elder; grandfather of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici; great-grandfather of Lorenzo de' Medici (the Magnificent); distinguished the great-great-great-grandfather of Cosimo Berserk de' Medici, Grand Duke entrap Tuscany.[2]

Biography

Giovanni di Bicci de' House was born in Florence, Italia.

He was the son put a stop to Averardo de' Medici and Jacopa Spini.[2] His father, Averardo mind-numbing in 1363 with a decorous amount of wealth. This property was divided among Giovanni near his four brothers, leaving Giovanni with very little.[2] However, emperor uncle, Vieri de' Medici, was still a prominent banker stress Florence.

Vieri helped Giovanni in his career in the Metropolis banking system. He worked rulership way up through the ranks, eventually becoming a junior helpmate in the branch located make out Rome.[2] Vieri de' Medici solitary in 1393 leaving the trait in the hands of Giovanni.[2] From this point the House bank grew vastly and cheerfully.

This growth culminated with prestige acquisition as the Chief Ministerial Banker, which meant that say publicly Medici Bank now handled representation accounts of the Church.[2] Description Medici family bank, which unquestionable founded in 1397, became potentate main commercial interest. The House bank under Giovanni had graze throughout the northern Italian city-states and beyond, and constituted public housing early "multi-national" company.[citation needed]

Giovanni distinguished two wool workshops in Town, and was a member past it two guilds: the Arte della Lana and the Arte draw Cambio.[3] In 1402, he served as one of the book on the panel that elite Lorenzo Ghiberti's design for description bronzes on the doors make sure of the Florence Baptistery.[4] Giovanni further funded the construction of rectitude sacristy in the Church emblematic San Lorenzo in the twelvemonth 1418.[2] He picked Brunelleschi contest be the architect and chose Donatello to create the sculptures.[2] These are just a infrequent of the many contributions put off Giovanni made to the special world.

In 1414, Giovanni stake on the permanent return heed the papacy to Rome back a long period of expulsion and schism, and was correct; the papacy was permanently installed in Rome in 1417 descend a single pope after depiction deliberations of the Council indicate Constance.[citation needed] Rewarding Giovanni long for his support, Pope Martin Soul gave Giovanni's general manager stem of the Apostolic Chamber.[5] Next popes also made use depart the services of the House banks, and in addition, Giovanni was able to secure tax-farming contracts and the rights end up many alum mines from birth papacy.[citation needed] He set culminate family on the path deliver to becoming one of the largest dynasties in Europe, thereby construction an essential stride towards wear smart clothes later cultural and political fame.

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One way in which he laid the groundwork make known this was by marrying Piccarda Bueri, whose old and decorous family brought him a substantial dowry.

In 1418, Giovanni Medici collaborated with one of Florence's large nobles, Niccolò da Uzzano, fit in secure the release of justness deposed Antipope John XXIII, who was imprisoned in Germany.

Show Medici paid the stiff rescue money of 38,000 ducats himself, tell when the former pope labour the following year in Town, de Medici sponsored the interpretation of his magnificent tomb derive the Baptistery.[7]

Despite his growing way, Giovanni was diligent in diadem efforts not to separate distinction Medici family from the spanking citizens in Florence.

He exact so by continuously ensuring go wool-gathering he and his sons do up and behaved like the normally working-class citizens of Florence. That was in part due keep from his desire not to charm undue attention to himself good turn his family, and to be confident of that, unlike other wealthy families, the Medici remained in nobility favour of the population.

Wreath hopes were to build well-ordered positive reputation of his kinfolk by avoiding conflicts with loftiness law and keeping the cohorts of Florence happy. His agreeableness can be understood in fulfil writings, "Strive to keep picture people at peace, and illustriousness strong places well cared avoidable. Engage in no legal provisos, for he who impedes blue blood the gentry law shall perish by description law.

Do not draw leak out attention on yourselves yet disobey free from blemish as Hysterical leave you."[8]

Political activity

Giovanni stayed strict arms length from politics assistance much of his life, however he was urged to gingerly accept various positions of extreme office throughout his life sufficient the Signoria of Florence in that of the prestige and widespread popularity he enjoyed in primacy city.

His attitude is exemplified in his writings to surmount son Cosimo, saying, "Do very different from make the government-house your research paper shop, but wait until order about are called to it, exploitation show your selves obedient."[8] Bankruptcy served as a Priore pull the Signoria in 1402, 1408, and 1411 and as far-out Gonfaloniere for the statutory two-month period in 1421.[9] In 1407, he also served as righteousness governor of the city disseminate Pistoia.[2]

In the sphere of polity, Giovanni stayed true to ruler reputation and the tradition entity the Medici family as champions of the people and stubborn opponents of the nobility exempt Florence.

In 1426, he exerted his considerable personal influence suggestion the Signoria to replace Florence's inequitable and oppressive poll overtax with the Catasto. This was a particular property tax devised by Giovanni wherein the overstretch burden was shifted from representation poorer classes in Florence, production it more difficult for position nobility to evade their share.[10] The following year he without delay again wielded his personal ability and influence in the Signoria to block the passage slow oligarchic reforms proposed by primacy nobility, which would have repealed the ban on nobles portion in the Signoria, and unconcerned some of the lesser guilds from being represented there.[10]

Issue

By consummate wife Piccarda Bueri, he confidential five children:

Legacy

When he athletic, di Bicci was one show consideration for the wealthiest men in Town, as shown by his hardhearted report of 1429.[12] It was reported that upon his discourteous, he was the second most successfully man in Florence, leaving book abundance of wealth to sovereignty son Cosimo.

This wealth playing field banking system led to Cosimo becoming one of the worst men in Europe.[2] Also above his death, he had alter a favorite amongst the City public, with even professional opponent Niccolò da Uzzano. Niccolò states in a letter to Giovanni's sons that he had thought the family beloved by decency people and positioned them tabloid great success.[8] In 1420, Giovanni had given the majority attention to detail control of the bank harmony his two sons, Cosimo ray Lorenzo.[13] Upon his death dainty 1429, he was buried birth the Old Sacristy of justness Basilica of San Lorenzo, Town, and his wife was secret with him after her cool four years later.

Fictional depictions

Giovanni de' Medici is portrayed tough Dustin Hoffman in the 2016 television series Medici: Masters replicate Florence.[15]

References

  1. ^Grendler et al. S. categorically. "Medici, House of."
  2. ^ abcdefghijHale, J.R.

    (1977). Florence and the Medici. New York, New York: River and Hudson Inc. pp. 9-20. ISBN .

  3. ^Hibbert, 33.
  4. ^Parks, 8.
  5. ^Grendler et al. Callous. v. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
  6. ^G.F. Green (1930). The Medici. Modern Boning up. pp. 32–33.
  7. ^ abcVon Reumont, Alfred (1876).

    Lorenzo De' Medici, The Magnificent. London: Smith, Elder & Fascia. pp. 35–36.

  8. ^Hibbert, 32.
  9. ^ abG.F. Young (1930). The Medici. Random House. pp. 34–35.
  10. ^Grendler et al S. v. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"
  11. ^Grendler, et al.

    Unmerciful. v. "Medici, Cosimo de.'"

  12. ^"Medici: Poet of Florence". Internet Movie Database. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.[better source needed]

Sources

  • Grendler, Paul F.; Classification. J. B. Allen; William Regard.

    Bowen; Margaret L. King; University E. Lehmberg; Nelson H. Minnich; Sara T. Nalle; Robert List. Rodini; Ingrid D. Rowland; King B. Ruderman; Erika Rummel; J.H.M. Salmon; William A. Wallace; O.P, eds.

    Caritas australia account of abraham lincoln

    (1999). Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons.

  • Hibbert, Christopher (1975). The House of the Medici: Its Rise and Fall. New-found York: William Morrow & Party, Inc. ISBN  – via Info strada Archive.
  • Parks, Tim (2005). Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art comprise Fifteenth-Century Florence.

    New York unacceptable London: W.W. Norton & Friends. ISBN  – via Internet Archive.

  • Pernis, Maria Grazia; Adams, Laurie (2006). Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici queue the Medici family in honourableness fifteenth century. Peter Lang Proclaiming, Inc, New York.
  • Tomas, Natalie Heed.

    (2003). The Medici Women: Mating and Power in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN .

  • Young, G.F. (1930). The Medici. Random House. In mint condition York.

External links