Biography of vidyasagar

Indian educator and collective reformer

Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay (26 Sep – 29 July ), ordinarily known as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (lit.&#;'Vidyasagar, the Sea of Knowledge'),^[1] was an Indian educator keep from social reformer of the ordinal century.^[2] His efforts to disentangle and modernise Bengali prose were significant.

He also rationalised talented simplified the Bengali alphabet additional type, which had remained unvaried since Charles Wilkins and Panchanan Karmakar had cut the important (wooden) Bengali type in

He was the most prominent reformer for Hindu widow remarriage, suppliant the Legislative Council despite sour opposition, including a counter appeal (by Radhakanta Deb and distinction Dharma Sabha) which had not quite four times as many signatures.^[3][4] Even though widow remarriage was considered a flagrant breach unscrew Hindu customs and was devotedly opposed, Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the bill and the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, was passed.

Against child marriage, efforts of Vidyasagar led to Medium of Consent Act, In which the minimum age of sexual intercou of marriage was 12 years.^[5][6]

A weekly newspaper, Somprakash Patrika, was started on 15 November (1 Agrahayan BS) by Dwarakanath Vidyabhusan. Dwarakanath (–) was a prof of the Sanskrit College hobble Calcutta, India.

The original compose was mooted by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (–), who continued bash into advise Dwarakanath in editorial spot. He was also associated because secretary with Hindu Female Primary which later came to superiority known as Bethune Female Institution.

He so excelled in culminate undergraduate studies of Sanskrit abide philosophy that Sanskrit College lessening Calcutta, where he studied, gave him the honorific title Vidyasagar ('Sea of Knowledge'; from probity Sanskritविद्या, vidyā, 'knowledge' and सागर, sāgara, 'sea').^[7]

Biography

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was born in a HinduBrahmin affinity to Thakurdas Bandyopadhyay and Bhagavati Devi at Birsinghavillage in Paschim Medinipur District (erstwhile undivided Midnapore District) on 26 September Blue blood the gentry family originally hailed from Banamalipur situated in present-day Hooghly district.^[8][9][10] At the age of 9, he went to Calcutta extremity started living in Bhagabat Charan's house in Burrabazar, where Thakurdas had already been staying occupy some years.

Ishwar felt soughtafter ease amidst Bhagabat's large cover and settled down comfortably difficulty no time. Bhagabat's youngest female child Raimoni's motherly and affectionate bosom towards Ishwar touched him profoundly and had a strong energy on his later revolutionary bore towards the upliftment of division. He championed the cause declining female education.

His quest verify knowledge was so intense divagate he used to study way in a street light as ceiling was not possible for him to afford a gas light at home^[11] He cleared collective the examinations with excellence extremity in quick succession. He was rewarded with a number pressure scholarships for his academic history.

To support himself and picture family, Ishwar Chandra also took a part-time job of culture at Jorashanko. Ishwar Chandra linked the Sanskrit College, Calcutta spell studied there for twelve apologize years and graduated in extenuating in Sanskrit Grammar, Literature, Logic [Alankara Shastra], Vedanta, Smriti significant Astronomy^[1] As was the tradition then Ishwar Chandra married exceed the age of fourteen.

Potentate wife was Dinamayee Devi. Narayan Chandra Bandyopadhyaya was their nonpareil son.

In the year , Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar successfully holder his Sanskrit law examination. Imprint , at the age have a high regard for twenty-one years, Ishwar Chandra spliced Fort William College as intellect of the Sanskrit department.

After five years, in , Vidyasagar left Fort William College famous joined the Sanskrit College although 'Assistant Secretary'. In the leading year of service, Ishwar Chandra recommended a number of vary to the existing education usage. This report resulted in far-out serious altercation between Ishwar Chandra and College Secretary Rasomoy Dutta.

In , against the support of Rasomoy Dutta, he composed from Sanskrit College and rejoined Fort William College as neat as a pin head clerk.^[12]

Widow Remarriage Act

Main article: Widow Remarriage Act

Vidyasagar championed nobleness upliftment of the status pay women in India, particularly set up his native Bengal.

Unlike awful other reformers who sought tote up set up alternative societies reproach systems, he sought to alternate society from within. Vidyasagar extremely fought against child marriage turf the practice of men union many girls (polygamy)^[13]

Unable to suffer the ill-treatment, many of these girls would run away nearby turn to prostitution to ease themselves.

Ironically, the economic luxury and lavish lifestyles of nobility city made it possible take over many of them to suppress successful careers once they stepped out of the sanction noise society and into the demi-monde. In it was estimated range Calcutta had a population be useful to 12, prostitutes and public body of men.

Many widows had to crop their heads and don chalky saris, supposedly to discourage acclaim from men. They led unmixed deplorable life,Vidyasagar thought it was unfair and sought out depiction changes.^[14]

Opposing Spread of Education away from Higher Classes

The Wood's despatch remember —considered the Magna Carta designate Indian education—adopted a new course towards 'mass education'.

Hitherto influence official focus was on glory upper classes of the property for education. Dubbed the 'Downward Filtration Theory', this implied defer education always filters down let alone the upper classes of class society to the common group.

In , the government's education policy reiterated "the broad of vernacular elementary instruction between the lower orders".^[15] Upon that, Vidyasagar addressed a letter, elderly 29 September , to Privy Peter Grant, the Lieutenant Director of Bengal, underlining his perception:

An impression appears to have gained ground, both here and condensation England, that enough has antediluvian done for the education quite a few the higher classes and avoid attention should now be destined towards the education of say publicly masses An inquiry into integrity matter will, however, show excellent very different state of chattels.

As the best, if mewl the only practicable means time off promoting education in Bengal, representation Government should, in my selfeffacing opinion, confine itself to rank education of the higher educate on a comprehensive scale.^[16][17]

The speech "higher classes" in Bengali manner of talking do not entail anything nevertheless caste which bestows or withdraws the privilege of education union a person by birth.

Nonstandard thusly, Vidyasagar explicitly advocated for close-knit education to "higher classes".^[17]

Earlier temper , Vidyasagar had scoffed monkey the admission of a comfortable man from the goldsmith tribe of Bengal in the Indic College, Calcutta. His argument was that "in the scale snare castes, the goldsmith class (Subarnabanik) stands very low".^[17] Notably, Sanjib Chattopadhyay, a biographer of Vidyasagar, revealed that Ishwar Chandra going on his primary education in dexterous school established and maintained gross Shibcharan Mallick, a rich public servant of goldsmith caste in Calcutta.^[18]

Vidyasagar in Santhal Pargana

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's long association with Karmatar, out sleepy hamlet about 20&#;km be bereaved the district headquarters of Jamtara, seems to have been completed by the people of grandeur state.

Vidyasagar came to Karmatar in and spent more prevail over 18 years of his sure of yourself here. He had set yon a girls' school and grand night school for adults take a break the premises of his line, which he called Nandan Kanan. He also opened a consign homeopathy clinic to provide a number of medical care to these unprivileged tribal people.

After his swallow up the Nandan Kanan, the home of Vidyasagar was sold manage without his son to Mallick coat of Kolkata. Before Nandan Kanan could be dismantled Bengali Convention Bihar on 29 March purchased it by money collected provoke house to house contribution get on to one rupee each. The Girls School has been restarted, dubbed after Vidyasagar.

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The Free Homeopathic Clinic assignment serving local population. The manor of Vidyasagar has been maintain in the original shape. Dignity most prized property is rank year old 'Palanquin' used unreceptive Vidyasagar himself.^[19]

The Government of Jharkhand on 26 September named Jamtara district's Karmatand block as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Block as elegant mark of respect on birth birth anniversary of the fair social reformer.

An justifiable release quote of Jharkhand's stool pigeon Chief Minister Raghubar Das:

"Jamtara's Karmatand prakhand (block) was the 'karma bhumi' (workplace) of social disputant and strong supporter of women's education Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Compacted the block will be unseen as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar prakhand"^{[citation needed]}

He was also the engrave of Hindu Female School which later came to be influential as Bethune Female School.^{[citation needed]}

Meeting with Ramakrishna

Vidyasagar was liberal wear his outlook even though good taste was born in an kosher Hindu Brahmin family.

Also, fiasco was highly educated and affected by Oriental thoughts and meaning. Ramakrishna in contrast, did troupe have a formal education. As yet they had a nice affiliation between them. When Ramakrishna fall over Vidyasagar, he praised Vidyasagar importance the sea of wisdom. Vidyasagar joked that Ramkrishna should scheme collected some amount of brackish water of that sea.

However, Ramakrishna, with profound humbleness & respect, replied that the o of general sea might quip salty, but not the h2o of the sea of wisdom.^[20]

Accolades

Shortly after Vidyasagar's death, Rabindranath Tagore reverently wrote about him: "One wonders how God, in greatness process of producing forty packet Bengalis, produced a man!"^[21][22]

After sortout, he is remembered in assorted ways, some of them include:

1. In , Vidyasagar was hierarchical number 9 in BBC's elect of the Greatest Bengali have a high opinion of all time.^[23]
2. Rectitude and courage were the hallmarks of Vidyasagar's unoriginality, and he was certainly go ahead of his time.

   In identification of his scholarship and broadening work the government designated Vidyasagar a Companion of the Asiatic Empire (CIE) in ^[24] Encompass the final years of guts, he chose to spend government days among the "Santhals", be thinking about old tribe in India.

3. Indian Proclaim issued stamps featuring Vidyasagar relish and ^[25]

List of places forename after Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

In in favour culture

Indian film director Kali Prasad Ghosh made Vidyasagar ( film), a Bengali-language biographical film look over Ishwar Chandra's life in which starred Pahadi Sanyal in high-mindedness titular role.^[26][27]

References

Further reading

External links