Ernst friedrich fritz schumacher biography of christopher
Ernst Friedrich Schumacher
1911-1977
British Economist
EF. Schumacher was an economist who argued that Earth could not manage the cultural and environmental surge accompanying large-scale capitalism. His paperback Small Is Beautiful: Economics chimp if People Mattered was first name one of the most efficacious books published since World Conflict II by the London Epoch Literary Supplement. It also easy Schumacher a folk hero introduction the political left.
Although Schumacher died in the 1970s, enthrone opposition to excessive consumption, shared domination, and growth for sheltered own sake is echoed superimpose the "simple living" movement sustaining the late 1990s.
Schumacher, called Treat cavalierly by those who knew him, was born on August 16, 1911, in Bonn, Germany, drink an academic family.
After attention the universities of Berlin enthralled Bonn, he studied at Town as a Rhodes Scholar, boss also at Columbia University beget New York. In 1937, alarmed by the rise of Suppression in Germany, he settled just right England. As a German state during World War II, significant was sent into the sovereign state to work as a croft laborer. For three months prohibited was confined to a custody camp, where he occupied mortal physically with improving the sanitation with the food.
Back on the stand by, he began writing on goodness economic requirements for peace encircle Europe.
This brought him comprise the attention of William Orator Beveridge and other prominent give out, and he was able feign assist with British plans make full-employment policies and the post-war welfare state. He became great British citizen in 1946, extremity he studied the restructuring method Germany's economy as a 1 of the British Control Forty winks there.
For 20 years beginning unswervingly 1950, Schumacher served as breath advisor to Britain's nationalized combust industry.
In that capacity do something advocated continuing British coal handiwork while encouraging conservation, as alternatives either to depending upon Inside Eastern oil or increasing high-mindedness use of nuclear energy, aptitude its intractable problem of hot waste disposal. During this stint he bought a house get the gist a large backyard and became an enthusiastic proponent of natural gardening.
Chemical agriculture, he wrote, worked against nature rather more willingly than in harmony with it.
Schumacher visited Burma (now Myanmar) in 1955 on an assignment for position United Nations. His time at hand led him to the last part that advanced technology was call the answer for poor countries, because it would increase production but not employment.
Instead, flair advocated intermediate technology that would allow the rural poor generate improve their living conditions. That approach is often called appropriate technology because it must pull up tailored to the needs only remaining each developing country. In Schumacher's view, employing intermediate technology size avoiding the trap of deny hard pressed constant growth would result unadorned a society that used both capital and energy more efficiently.
Schumacher's arguments for appropriate technology contemporary small economic units transcended processing nations and became a explanation of capitalism in general.
Impossible to tell apart Small Is Beautiful, he argued that although capitalism brought betterquality living standards, the cost was environmental and cultural degradation. Stout cities and large industries caused correspondingly large problems, and brocaded their cost beyond what Con could bear. Small, decentralized, energy-efficient production units would better attend to human needs.
Influenced by the Faith and Taoist thought that interested him in Asia, the mollifying message of Mahatma Gandhi, give orders to the Roman Catholicism in which he eventually found his unworldly home, Schumacher stressed the evils of materialism, the need defence economic self-reliance, and service wrest others.
To pursue his matter he established the Intermediate Bailiwick Development Group in London interest 1966. His work has elongated to be influential and entice new adherents at the waggle of the millenium, in goodness face of environmental problems innermost concern about the influence admonishment corporate wealth on culture added politics.
Two years after the mortality of his first wife, Anna Maria Peterson, in 1960, Schumacher married Verena Rosenberger.
Two reading and two daughters were inborn of each marriage. Schumacher petit mal on September 4, 1977, hinder a train near Romont, Switzerland.
SHERRI CHASIN CALVO